天津市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况及影响因素

Hygienic situation and influencing factors for centralized air conditioning ventilation systems in Tianjin

目的了解2011年天津市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,并探讨其可能的影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法在天津市17个区县抽取128家公共场所,对集中空调通风系统的新风机组类型、新风口位置、清洗状况、公共场所类型及采样点位置等基本情况进行调查。并对风管内表面积尘量、风管内表面细菌总数、风管内表面真菌总数和冷却水嗜肺军团菌进行检测。结果集中空调通风系统风管内表面积尘量合格率为28.1%(36/128),风管内表面细菌总数合格率为95.3%(122/128),风管内表面真菌总数合格率为94.5%(121/128),冷却水中嗜肺军团菌合格率为64.3%(74/115),其中Lp1型嗜肺军团菌为主要血清型。清洗后风管内表面积尘量合格率高于未清洗(P<0.05),清洗与未清洗的全新风式机组风管内表面积尘量合格率高于回风式机组(P<0.05),未清洗的且新风口在室外的机组风管内表面积尘量合格率高于新风口在室内的机组(P<0.05)。结论本次调查的集中空调通风系统风管内表面积尘量合格率较低,并可能受到清洗、空调机组类型和新风口位置等因素影响。

Objective To know the hygienic status and influencing factors of centralized air conditioning ventilation systems in public places in Tianjin, 2011. Methods A total of 128 public places in 17 districts and counties in Tianjin were sampled by stratified randomly sampling and information on central air-conditioning unit types, fresh air position, cleaning condition, public place types and sampling point were investigated, The dust, total bacteria, total fungi on inner surface of air pipe and Legionella pneumophila in cooling water of air conditioning system were tested. Results The qualified rates of dust, total bacteria, total fungi on inner surface of air pipe of centralized air conditioning ventilation systems and Legionella pneumophila in cooling water of air conditioning ventilation system were 28.1%, 95.3%, 94.5% and 64.3%, respectively. The Lpl was the main type of LegioneUa pneumophila. The significant differences in dust on inner surface of air pip were seen in various cleaning condition, various centralized air-conditioning unit types, various fresh air position. Conclusion The qualified rates of dust were lower. The cleaning condition, centralized air-conditioning unit types and fresh air position may have impact on dust on inner surface of air pipe of centralized air conditioning ventilation systems.