观“象”玩“辞”、观“变”玩“占”——由四个面向观马一浮易学

Study Words by Observing Images and Study Divination by Observing Changes: On MA Yifu's Yi-ology from Four Demensions

本文以《系辞上传》"君子居则观其象而玩其辞,动则观其变而玩其占"二句为引线,分由"象"、"辞"、"变"、"占"四个面向,观察并探讨马一浮的易学特色、风貌、主张及阐易焦点。全文依次提出马一浮"观象"的五个特点、"玩辞"的三项要义、"观变"的两大面向、"玩占"的三点观察,以见其全面且多元的阐易概况,象数为源、义理为重的易学倾向,观照经传、尤重阐扬"十翼"的丰富内涵,积极体究、通贯融会的阐《易》精神以及心贯万事、致力存心养性的易学核心。并由此以小见大,验证易学于马一浮哲学体系中确乎扮演要角,而透过其精湛开阔而又契会甚深的易学见解,亦可略窥其足堪为当代新儒家开路先锋之一,洵非无因。

In Th Great Treatise I it says： ＂The superior man lives quietly and observes images and studies the words, when initiating movement, he observes the changes and studies the divinations. ＂ These two lines are used as the leads, divided into the four direc- tions of ＂images＂ ,＂ words＂ ,＂ changes＂, and ＂divination＂ to explore the Yi study, Yi assertions, and interpretation focuses of MA Yi- fu. In the following, 5 characteristics of MA Yifu＇s ＂observe images＂, 3 meanings of ＂study words＂, 2 dimensions of ＂observe chan- ges＂ and 3 observations of ＂relish divination＂ are suggested to demonstrate the thorough and multiple interpretations： Yi based on im- ages as the origin and doctrines, thoreugh study of books, particularly the rich content of Ten Wing, spirit of Yi upon active and over- all study and understanding and core of Yi upon mind and personality. Thus, it shows that Yi is critical in MA Yifu＇s philosophy sys- tem. By the brilliant and in-depth interpretations on Yi, we see why he was one of the pilots for modern Neo-Confucianists.