巴黎学派的行动者网络理论解析

An Analysis of Paris School′s Actor-Network Theory

以科学知识社会学(SSK)遭遇的困境与科学技术研究(STS)的特殊性为契机,巴黎学派提出行动者网络理论(ANT)。它既是一套分析科学与技术的有效工具,又包含了全新的世界观与社会理论:用广义对称性原则消解本体论的主客二分;用跟随行动者的灵活方法取代宏观理论框架说明微观现象的模式;用联结的社会学取代社会的社会学。在突破SSK困境的同时,ANT最终发展成为一个以科学技术研究为中心的广泛社会理论。

Taking the opportunity of SSK ’ s dilemmas and the specificity of Science and Technology Studies , the Paris School raised Actor-Network Theory ( ANT ) .ANT is an efficient tool to analyze science and technology.Also , it contains a completely new world view and social theory : to deconstruct subject-object dichotomy by the principle of generalized symmetry ; to replace the macro-micro explanation mode of phenomenon by the flexible method of tracing actors ; to replace sociology of the social by sociology of associations.While overcoming the dilemmas of SSK , ANT has finally evolved into a general social theory that centers on science and technology studies.