地位继承与文化流动——工程师群体教育地位获得的经验研究

Status Inheritance and Cultural Mobility——Empirical Studies of Engineer Group’s Educational Status Attainment

教育地位获得深刻地嵌入于家庭背景之中。本研究利用实证调研资料,对高新技术企业工程师群体的教育地位获得问题进行了考察。研究发现,工程师群体教育地位获得的性别差异已趋于弱化,其教育地位获得是以母亲的文化程度、父母的职业以及受访者14岁时的户口为表征的家庭背景因素综合作用的结果。同时,对工程职业领域家庭背景因素与子代教育地位获得之间的关联模式与作用机制的分析表明,教育获得兼具地位继承与文化流动双重功能,其既有可能成为优势社会阶层强化等级秩序的工具,也有可能成为劣势社会阶层实现上向流动的阶梯。

The educational status attainment is deeply embedded into the family background. This study investigated the issues of educational status attainment of engineers who work in high-tech en- terprises using empirical research data. It found the gender differences and urban-rural segmentation of engineer group＇s educational status attainment have inclined to weaken. Their educational status attainment is the result of the combined effects of family background factors that characterized as mothers＇ education level, parent＇s occupations, respondents＇ registered residence of 14 years old. At the same time, the analysis of associated mode and functional mechanism of family background and children＇s educational status showed that education has a dual function of status inherit and cul- tural flow, it may become the tools that superior social class strengthen the hierarchical order, and it may also become the ladder that inferior social class achieve upward mobility.