橡胶园覆盖绿肥综合开发利用价值研究

Exploitation and Utility Value of Different Mulch Green Manure in Tapped Rubber Plantation

为有效筛选综合开发利用价值高的胶园覆盖绿肥,研究了13种绿肥的养分特性及饲用营养价值;采用模糊数学综合评价法,结合绿肥覆盖效果、产量,综合评价了绿肥的开发利用价值。研究结果表明,13种胶园覆盖绿肥具有粗蛋白含量和钙含量高,氮、钾养分充足以及微量元素丰富等特点;粗蛋白含量平均16.53%,变幅为12.30%～23.78%;Ca含量平均9.61 g/kg,范围为6.96～14.98 g/kg。草本和藤本绿肥的营养、饲用价值、综合开发利用价值高于灌木、亚灌木绿肥,灌木、亚灌木绿肥的经济产量高于草本和藤本绿肥。绿肥筛选可考虑灌木、亚灌木与草本、藤本相结合,以提高覆盖效果和经济效益。综合评价了13种绿肥的开发利用价值,兼顾产量、覆盖效果,初步得出距瓣豆、卵叶山蚂蝗2种绿肥具有较高的开发利用价值和良好的地面覆盖效果。

A field experiment was conducted to screen mulch green manure that could be well adapted to tapped rubber plantation and had good exploitation and utility value. About 13 kinds of leguminous green manure were used in the study. Nutrient characteristics, fodder value and mulching effect of green manure were clarified. The results showed that the 13 kinds of green manure were in crude protein, Ca, N, K and trance elements. The crude protein contents were from 12.30% to 23.78% with the average value of 16.53%, and the Ca content was from 6.96 to 14.98 g/kg with the average value of 9.61 g/kg. Nutrient and fodder value of the shrubs and bushes were higher than those of the herbages and vines. The economic yield of the herbages and vines were higher than those of the shrubs and bushes. To achieve the best mulching effects, bushes, vines and herbs should be combined when screening mulch green manure. Comprehensively comparing their exploitation and utility value and combining with the field observations, Centrosema pubescens Benth and Desmodium ovalifolium could well be adapted to tapped rubber plantation and had good exploitation and utility value. These results are helpful to screening mulch green manure suitable for rubber plantation.