高效木霉菌株对樟子松枯梢病的抑菌机理

High efficient Trichoderma strains and theirs bio-control effects on shoot blight of Pinus sylvestris var.ongolica

采用菌株对峙培养法和木霉非挥发性代谢产物对病原菌株的生长抑制法,从28个木霉菌株中筛选对樟子松枯梢病菌抑制效果显著的菌株;比较不同有机溶剂对木霉非挥发性代谢产物中抑菌活性成分的萃取效果,获得对病原菌抑制显著的提取物,研究了高效提取物对樟子松枯梢病菌保护酶活性的影响;分别制备孢子菌剂和液体菌剂对樟子松枯梢病进行了野外防治试验。结果表明:在对峙培养中,引进菌株T-43对樟子松枯梢病菌的抑制效果63.28%,相对抑制效果为6.05,木霉完全覆盖病原菌;木霉非挥发性代谢产物对病原菌株的生长抑制试验中,T-43菌株发酵液及乙酸乙酯提取物对病原菌的抑制率分别为92.94%和90.58%,病原菌菌丝生长稀疏或被完全抑制生长;菌株T-43发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物对病原菌的主要保护酶SOD、POD、CAT和PPO影响作用显著,提取物通过破坏病原菌的防护系统,抑制病原菌生长;在T-43对樟子松枯梢病的野外防治试验中,引进菌株T-43的防治效果明显好于国内高效菌株T-C14和商品化的木霉分生孢子可湿性粉剂,其中用发酵液制备的液体菌剂10倍液防治效果好于分生孢子菌剂,2011年得病害控制效果达到76.67%。连续的防治可以有效的控制病害的发生。

Trichderma swain T-43 which has inhibiting effects on Sphaeropsis sap/nea was obtained from 28 domestic and foreign swains by methods of antagonistic culture and growth-inhibiting. The extraction effect of four organic solutions was evaluated by pathogen growth-inhibiting methods. The effect of the extract on pathogen＇s protective enzyme activities was systematically studied. Two kinds of Trichoderma agent were prepared to eonlrol the shoot bright ofPinus sylvestris vat. mongolica on field experiment. The results show that Trk：hoderma swain T-43 can inhibit the growth of Sphaeropsis sapinea, the inltibiting rate in anlagonistic culture was 63.28%, and the relative inhibiting effect was 6.05. The non-violate extract from fermentation liquid ofT-43 can inhibit the mycelia growth and the prolective enzyme activity （including SOD, POD, CAT, PPO） of pathogen effectively. In field experiments of conlrolling shoot blight ofPinus sylestris var. mongolica, the liquid agent was better than conidia WP.