石家庄气象站记录的城市热岛效应及其趋势变化

Characteristics and change of urban heat island intensity in Shijiazhuang

利用石家庄市区站和4个郊区站1962—2009年的气温资料,采用城乡气温对比和线性趋势分析方法,探讨了石家庄站地面城市热岛(UHI)强度特征及其随时间变化情况,以及城市化因素对城市站地面气温长期变化趋势影响.结果表明:石家庄站地面UHI效应明显,且UHI效应在最低气温上表现更突出;UHI强度冬季1月最大,夏季7月最小;UHI强度具有明显的日变化,最高值出现在早晨7—8时,最低值出现在午后14—16时;近48a,石家庄站附近UHI强度呈显著增加趋势,且最低气温UHI强度比最高气温的增加趋势更明显;从UHI强度增加对地面气温观测记录的影响来看,石家庄站附近1962—2009年期间年平均UHI增温率达到0.19℃/(10a),UHI增温贡献率为67.9%,即该站近48a记录的年平均地面气温上升趋势,有2/3以上可归因于城市化因素影响.

Based on temperature data from 1 urban station and 4 suburban meteorological stations of Shijiazhuang city during 1962--2009, and using temperature comparative analysis and linear trend methods, the paper analyzes the characteristics and the increasing rate of urban heat island （UHI） intensity of Shijiazhuang, and its impact on the long-term trend of recorded surface air temperature change. Results show that UHI effect is obvious near Shiji- azhuang urban station, especially for minimum temperature or night mean temperature. The strongest UHI intensity occurs in winter and the weakest in summer. Large diurnal variation is observed, with UHI intensity being the strongest in early morning,and the weakest in afternoon between 14：00 and 16：00 Beijing Time. For the past 48 years, UHI intensity undergoes a significant increase near Shijiazhuang urban station, and the increasing trend in minimum temperature is much more significant than that in the maximum temperature. The average increasing of UHI intensity around Shijiazhuang urban station reaches 0. 19 ℃/（ 10 a） during 1962--2009, and the contribution of UHI increasing to surface air temperature increase is 67.9%, or in other word, about two thirds of the urban warming observed at the city station can be attributed to the rapid urbanization in the past half century.