16S rRNA甲基化介导的氨基糖苷类耐药

Resistance mechanism against aminoglycosides mediated by 16S rRNA methylation

氨基糖苷类抗生素在治疗革兰阳性和阴性细菌引起的感染中起着重要的作用,可通过与细菌30S核糖体亚基的16S rRNA的A位点结合而阻碍蛋白质的合成。16S rRNA甲基化作用可导致细菌对氨基糖苷类药物高水平耐药,大量研究显示这一现象是由一类16S rRNA甲基化酶所介导的。由于16S rRNA甲基化酶在临床上的重要性,为引起医务人员的重视,文中将从此类酶的作用机制、起源、分类以及基因环境等方面作一综述。

Aminoglycosides have been used for the treatment of a broad range of life-threatening Gram-positive and Gram-neg- ative bacterial infections. These agents bind to the A site of the 16S rRNA of the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and subsequently block its growth through interference with its protein synthesis. 16S rRNA methylation is capable of conferring an extraordinarily high level of resistance against most of the clinically important aminoglycosides. Previous research has shown that this phenomenon is media- ted by some 16S rRNA methylase. Because of the clinical importance of these enzymes, further global dissemination of 16S rRNA methylase genes among pathogenic bacilli will be a cause of great concern in the near future. This article presents an overview on the action mechanism, origin, classification and genetic environment of 16S rRNA methylase.