论亚里士多德关于“自制”的思想

On Aristotle’s Continence Concept

自制是亚里士多德伦理学中的一个重要范畴,亚里士多德把自制界定为处于德性与恶之间的品质,把自制作为达到德性的中间性环节。亚里士多德以对苏格拉底无人不自制观点的回应为主线,主要论及自制与知识、自制与不能自制、自制与节制、自制与明智的关系问题。亚里士多德在时知识的分析中解决了自制和不能自制的疑难,强调了自制与节制、自制与明智之间的联系。理清自制的性质与定义后可见,自制是一种依靠理智使其自身不适当欲望遵循逻各斯的好品质,它使人们在习惯修养中达到节制的德性,并能使我们在好的城邦中生活得好。

Continence is an important conception in Aristotle＇s ethics. Aristotle held that continence is a moderate disposition between the virtue and the vice,and it acts as a transition for man to reach the virtue. In Book VII of the Nieomachean Ethics, Aristotle~ s discussions of continence in response to Socrates ＂ akratic actions are impos- sible＂ view as the main line, mainly related to the relations between continence and knowledge, incontinence, tem- perance and practice. He solved the problem of continence and incontinence in analyzing knowledge, and empha- sized the relations between continence on the one hand,and temperance and practical wisdona on the other. In this paper,I try to sort out the nature and definition of continence,and illustrates the continence is a good character that follow the right logos relying on reason,which could make us achieve the virtue of temperance by habit,and lead a happy life in a good polls.