所有、总体与实践--马克思所有制概念解读

Ownership,Totality and Practice——A Philosophical Interpretation of the Marxist Concept of Ownership

马克思对Eigentum一词的应用包含了"一体两翼"的内容。"所有"是其主体内容,"总体性"和"实践性"是"所有"的两个基本特征即"两翼"。其中,"所有"意味着所有者把生产资料看作是"自己的"这样一种关系;"总体性"意味着个人对生产资料的占有是在特定的社会体系之中实现出来的;"实践性"意味着个人对生产资料的占有是在物质生产中实现出来的动态过程。所有制的内容在私有财产的条件下演变成为"所有权"和"财产"的主客对立模式,"所有权"是国家这一总体性关系的代表赋予公民的普遍的权利,"财产"则成为脱离生产过程的被抽象占有的所有物。

Marx＇s application of the word ＂Eigentum＂ embodies two layers. Ownership means the major content with ＂totality＂ and ＂practice＂ as two basic features. Among them, ownership indicates that the owners regard the production materials as their own. And totality means that the individual owning of production materials are realized in specific social system. Practice suggests that the individual owning of production materials is a dynamic process of materials production. For private property, the content of ownership evolved into a comparative module between ＂ownership＂ and ＂property＂. Ownership at na- tional level symbolizes the universal rights bestowed to citizens and property has become abstract materi- als owned by individuals in the process of production.