论行政赔偿诉讼的本质属性

On the Nature of Administrative Compensation Proceedings

国家对行政行为侵权承担责任是因为公权力侵权。公私法的分野导致限制国家权力、规范其运行成为维护社会正义的核心内容。行政赔偿诉讼应是受害人通过司法机关让国家机关对自己的行政行为所造成的损害进行赔偿的诉讼,是公权力致害的损害赔偿诉讼;从我国《国家赔偿法》的基本程序原则如举证责任、赔偿权益处分等方面,也显现出其不同于刑事诉讼和行政诉讼的特征。因此行政赔偿诉讼的本质属性应当是国家所负的民事责任。只有如此定位,才能使我们站在更高起点上审视我国的行政赔偿诉讼性质,找出不足,提出完善行政赔偿诉讼的方向。

Thestate＇s response to administrative infraction is power infringement. Dividing line between public and private law makes the limits of State authority and the rules governing their functioning serve as the core elements of social justice maintenance. In natural sense,administrative compensation litigation is that the victims through justice organ ask the State for compensation due to ＂their administrative dama- ges. It is the compensation litigation for the victims of public power damage. Actually based on the princi- ples of our national compensation law, such as proof responsibility,and compensation interest＇s disposi- tion, we can clearly find out the distinctive features of criminal proceedings from administrative proceed- ings. Thereby the nature of administrative compensation proceedings should belong to the national civil responsibility. Only by this position can we perceive the shortcomings of the administrative indemnity and find out some solutions for improvement.