分层次健康教育在不同透析年限血液透析患者中的应用

Application of hierarchical health education on patients with different dialysis years

目的探讨分层次健康教育在不同透析年限血液透析患者中的应用效果。方法对100例维持性血液透析患者进行为期6个月的分层次健康教育，采用自行设计的调查表调查教育前后患者对健康知识掌握情况，采用肾脏病生存量表（KDQOL—SFTM）调查教育前后患者的生活质量，采用护理部统一制定的“患者满意度调查表”比较教育前后患者满意度。结果对患者进行分层次健康教育后，透析年限为〈1年、1～5年、〉5年的患者健康知识达标数分别为19，38，19例，均高于教育前的7，17，11例，差异均有统计学意义（X2分别为9．968，15．590，5．333；P〈0．05）；教育后患者KDQOL—SFTM评分中除性功能、精力状况、总体健康期望外，各项得分均高于教育前，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；教育后患者满意度为92％，明显高于教育前的78％，差异有统计学意义（X。=7．686，P〈0．01）。结论针对不同血液透析年限患者进行分层次健康教育是一种行之有效的教育方法，可提高患者对健康知识的认知，融洽护患关系，提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To investigate the application effect of hierarchical health education on hemodialysis patients. Methods 6 months of hierarchical health education were conducted on 100 cases of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate patients＇ health knowledge before and after education, survival of kidney disease scale （KDQOL-SFTM） was used to study patients＇ quality of life before and after education, and patients＇ satisfaction questionnaire drawn up b）, nursing department was used to compare patients＇ satisfaction before and after education. Results Patients who had dialysis for less than 1 year, 1-5 years, more than 5 years, and whose health knowledge reached the standard were respectively 19, 38 and 19 after hierarchical health education, all of which were higher than before （7,17 and 11 ）, and the differences were statistically significant （ X2 = 9. 968,15. 590, 5. 333, respectively; P 〈 0.05 ）. All items in KDQOL-SFI＇M got more points after hierarchical health education than before, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈0.01 ）. Patients＇ satisfaction was 92% after hierarchical health education and 78% before, the difference was statistically significant （X2 = 7. 686, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusions Hierarchical health education on patients with different dialysis years is effective to enhance patients＇ health knowledge, harmonize nurse-patient relationship and improve patients ＇ quality of life.