滴灌条件下免耕对复播油葵土壤水分利用及产量的影响

Effects of Drip Irrigation with No-tillage on Multiple Sunflower Cropping Soil Water and Yield

通过田间试验分析比较滴灌免耕、滴灌翻耕、漫灌免耕和漫灌翻耕4种处理措施对土壤含水量、土壤水分入渗率、土壤贮水量以及复播油葵水分利用效率的变化情况,以了解滴灌免耕技术对绿洲农田水分动态变化及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,滴灌免耕栽培技术与常规翻耕漫灌相比,滴灌、免耕,特别是两者的叠加效应使耕层土壤长期保持浸润状态,可改善根层内的土壤水分分布;同时可减少水分过度蒸发,增加0-30cm土层土壤贮水量及含水量,提高土壤入渗能力,但耕层以下土壤水分变幅相对较小。滴灌免耕产量较常规翻耕漫灌增加11.9%,生育期耗水量节省了31.8%,水分利用效率提高了64.2%。采用滴灌免耕技术可以提高复播油葵产量以及水分利用效率、促进农田生态系统的良性循环。

The effects of different irrigation and tillage pattern on soil moisture,soil water infiltration capacity,the soil water storage and water use efficiency were investigated in multiple cropping oil sunflower.The treatments included drip irrigation with no-till（DNT）,drip irrigated with conventional tillage（DCT）,flood irrigation with no-till（FNT） and flood irrigated with conventional tillage（FCT）.The results showed that drip irrigation and no-tillage,especially the combined tillage measure improved soil water distribution in the top layer,and decreased field water evaporation than conventional tillage and irrigation,which could lead to an increase in soil moisture and soil water storage in the layer of 0-20 cm.Drip irrigation with no-tillage increased the yield of sunflower by 11.9%,the WUE by 64.2%,and reduced the water consumption by 31.8% than CK.Therefore,drip irrigation with no-till could not only improve irrigation water use efficiency and grain yield,but also improve the sustainable development of agriculture in this region in the long-term.