中国老年人的居住方式与其婚姻状况的关系分析

The Relationship between Living Arrangements and Marital Status in the Elderly

基于追踪调查数据,运用随机效应Probit模型分析老年人的居住方式与其婚姻状况的关系及其在不同性别和不同年龄段上的差异。研究发现,丧偶对老年人的居住方式存在显著影响,老年人在丧偶后更可能与子女同住。然而,在控制配偶照顾因素后,丧偶对老年人居住方式的影响却大幅下降。从性别和年龄上来看,丧偶对女性老年人居住方式的影响大于男性老年人,对高龄老年人的影响大于低龄老年人。同时,研究还发现,在控制人口特征、社会经济以及健康状况变量之后,未观测到的个体异质性对老年人居住方式存在显著影响。

Based on the longitudinal data, this paper use a random effects probit model to analyze the effect of spouse＇s death on living arrangements of the elderly and classify its gender difference and age difference. The results show that bereavement has a significant effect on living arrangements, widowed individuals are more likely to live with their children. Further study find that widowhood effect is modified by spousal care. If we control for spousal care, widowhood effect on living arrangements will decrease dramatically. In addition, widowhood effect generally has to some extent gender difference and age difference： the death of a spouse exert more effect on female than male, and on the younger old than the oldest old. Finally, this study suggests that individual unobserved heterogeneity significantly exists in the living arrangement of the elderly.