集聚的生产率效应——来自中国制造业企业的经验证据

The Effect of Agglomeration on Productivity:Evidence from China's Manufacturing Firms

文章采用中国制造业企业微观面板数据,通过估计企业的生产函数,实证检验了集聚的生产率效应。研究发现:在控制企业资本密集度、研发、管理水平、所有制类型以及出口等因素后,就业规模更大的城市中的企业具有更高的生产率;在控制前一期生产率水平后,就业规模更大的城市中的企业当期的生产率水平更高,说明在集聚地区存在能够促进企业生产率提高的"学习效应",在中国城市中存在显著的集聚经济效应;此外,城市非农就业规模与企业生产率之间的关系在不同规模的企业之间并无显著差异。

Based on the panel data of China＇s manufacturing firms, this paper empirically analyzes the effect of agglomeration on productivity through estimating production functions at firm level. It arrives at the following conclusions： firstly,after controlling the factors such as physical capital intensity, R＆D, management level, ownership and export, firms which are located in cities with larger scale of employment have higher productivi ty;secondly, after controlling the productivity in the previous period, firms which are located in cities with larger scale of employment have higher productivity in the current period,showing that there is a learning effect in agglomeration areas that enhances firm productivity and confirming the significant effect of agglomeration economy in Chinese cities; thirdly, there is no difference among firms with different sizes with regard to the relationship between scales of urban non-agricultural employment and firm productivity.