余甘子天然居群果实形态变异研究

Fruit Morphological Variation of Natural Populations in Phyllanthus emblica

为了从数量性状上分析余甘子天然居群果实表型性状在居群间和居群内的变异,在云南省选取了6个余甘子天然居群,分别测量了其8个果实表型性状并作比较分析。结果显示:(1)余甘子果实表型性状在居群间和居群内存在着较丰富的变异,8个果实性状在居群间的F值为20.17～35.21,部分差异达到显著水平;居群内的F值为1.27～3.07,差异均达到极显著水平。(2)余甘子居群内的平均表型变异接近90%,是余甘子果实表型遗传变异的主要来源。(3)余甘子表型性状的变化与生态和地理因子显著相关;主成分分析结果显示,单果重、果实横径、外果皮重、果核宽、果核重等5个表型性状指标是反映滇西北余甘子果实表型差异的主要因素。

In order to investigate the pattern of fruit phenotypic trait variation in natural population of Phyllanthus emblica among populations and variation within populations, eight morphological traits in six P. elnblica populations in Yunnan have been measured. The variance analysis of the eight characteristics showed that： （1）There were partly significant differences among populations with F value from 20. 17 to 35.21, and there were very significant differences families within a population the F value from 1.27 to 3.07. （2）The variance fac- tors analysis indicated that the variation within a population was the main part of the phenotypic variation in _P. emb/ica which stood nine out of totally ten. （3）The phenotypie traits of P. emblica change in the eco logical and geographical factors were significantly associated. Principal component analysis showed that sin- gle fruit weight,fruit horizontal diameter,epicarp weight,stone width,stone heavy were the most impor tant phenotypic traits that accounted for the fruit morphological variation of P. ernblica.