紫色辣椒色素性状观察及其叶片色素提取体系优化

Observation of Pigment in Purple Pepper and Extraction System Optimization of Leaf Purple Pigment

以不同紫色辣椒种质为材料,分别进行紫色色素性状的形态学比较、显微观察和色素提取体系优化研究,为该特色资源的有效利用提供信息。结果表明:(1)紫色辣椒种质9007-2、7036I、7036Ⅱ与DZ在叶片、幼果部位的色素分布差异较大,前3个种质的幼苗期真叶叶片正面紫色色素分布更浓,子叶、真叶的正面及背面叶脉处均有紫色色素分布;三者幼果整体呈现紫色,而同期多数DZ幼果表面呈现紫色与绿色相间。(2)叶片紫色色素主要分布在网状叶脉内,茎段主要位于最外层表皮处且在表皮内呈均匀分布,而果实则主要存在于最外层的厚壁细胞内,并在外表皮细胞内外呈均匀分布,且色泽浓于茎段表皮。(3)7036Ⅱ叶片色素提取试验表明,乙醇、盐酸浓度为紫色辣椒叶片色素提取的主要影响因素,并在此基础上最佳固液比为1∶30;紫色辣椒叶片色素提取的优化体系为:60%的乙醇、0.2mol/L的盐酸、提取温度30℃、提取时间1h及固液比1∶30。

Morphology comparison,microstructure observation and extraction system optimization of purple pigment were developed with different germplasm of purple pepper （Capsicum annuum L. ）. The results showed that.（1）The purple pigment traits in leaf and young fruit differed greatly between 9007-2,70361, 7036 Ⅱ and DZ,dense purple pigment was appeared in the front side of true leaf of the first 3 germplasm during seedling period,and was distributed in leaf vein of cotyledon and true leaf; （2）It was wholly purple in young fruit of the first 3 germplasm,purple and green in DZ germplasm of the same period. Further mi- crostructure observation illustrated that, purple pigment in leaf was distributed irregularly or in netted vein,and was uniformly existed in the outer skin of the stem or in the outermost layer prothenchyma of the outer skin of fruit with thicker color; （3）Effect of pigment extraction in 7036 Ⅱ leaf indicated that the ma- jor factors influenced were：concentration of alcohol and hydrochloric acid. On this basis, the optimal ratio of solid to liquid was 1 ： 30. Therefore,optimized system for extraction of leaf pigment was：60% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L hydrochloric acid,extraction temperature of 30 ℃ ,extraction time of 1 h and ratio of solid to liq-uid 1 ～ 30.