从失效案例分析轴承的早期失效

Early Failure of Shaft Bearings

通过对几起由不同原因引起的轴承早期失效件进行分析,讨论了影响轴承失效的常见因素。分析认为导致轴承早期失效的原因有:磨削加工不当导致局部烧伤形成软点;尺寸不当,改变了原有的配合间隙丧失运转精度;未溶解的碳化物在轴承运转的过程中脱落形成空坑,造成轴承运转不平稳;夹杂物也会导致轴承的寿命明显降低;装配不当使轴承运转不良;分析了润滑和载荷对轴承失效的影响。为提高轴承的使用寿命和可靠性,轴承的设计制造、加工过程以及使用过程方面都必须做到精细,尤其是磨削加工和装配环节要有合理的工艺参数和有效的预防措施。

Based on analyzing some classic early failure cases of shaft bearings, the common factors contributing to early failure of shaft bearing were discussed and summarized. Local burning caused by improper abrasive machining may lead to early failure of shaft bearings. Improper dimension matching, pits caused by pull-off carbide, foreign material, and improper assembly were other common causes. In addition, the effect of lubrication and loading on failure of shaft bearings was analyzed. In order to improve service life and reliability of shaft bearing, design,manufacture, machining process, and the use of process must be fine. The suitable process parameters and effective preventive measures are needed especially in grinding process and assembly.