开放式增温对东北稻田生态系统作物生长与产量的影响

Effects of free air temperature increasing on the rice growth and grain yield in Northeast China

全球变暖在高纬度和气候凉爽地区更为明显,并且具有一定的不确定性。为了明确未来气候背景下作物的适应趋势,在中国东北哈尔滨地区设立红外增温模拟试验站,利用开放式增温系统(FATI)对东北水稻进行2个温度梯度的模拟增温试验。结果表明:增温情况下,东北水稻生长和发育加快、始穗期提前,但收获期延后;分蘖数增加,单分蘖产量下降;植株高度增加,乳熟期后植株出现倾到;叶面积增加,单叶叶长扩展;与对照比较,2种增温梯度下产量差异不同,W1(每组1根红外灯管)增温产量增加,W2(每组2根红外灯管)增温模式下产量略有下降(未到达显著);地上有机物分配及穗粒结构较对照存在差异,节宽减小,壁厚减小,千粒重减少,籽粒含水量增加;叶绿素增加、单叶净光合速率增大。

It is recognized that glolal warming is more obvious in high latitude and cool climate regions, and shown definite uncertain features. In order to clarify the adaptation trends of the crops to future climate scenarios, a simulation experiment station of infrared temperature increasing was set up in Harbin of Northeast China, and the free air temperature increasing （FATI） system was applied to simulate the effects of increased temperature on rice grow and yield. Two tem perature gradients were installed, i. e. , each set with one infrared lamp （ Wl ）, and each set with two infrared lamps （W2）. Under increased temperature, the rice growth and development accel erated, and the beginingspike period was in advance while the harvest period delayed. The tiller number increased while the yield per tiller declined, the plant height increased but the plant ap peared lodging at milkripe stage, and the leaf area increased and the single leaf showed an ex tended length. As compared with the control, the rice yield differed under two warming gradi ents, i. e. , increased under W, but slightly decreased under W2. There existed differences with the control in the aboveground organic matter distribution and the spike grain structure under in creased temperature. Under temperature increasing, the rice 1000grain weight reduced, whereas the grain moisture content, leaf chlorophyll content, and leaf net photosynthetic rate increased.