词典的词类标注:“各”字词性辨

Part of Speech Tagging in Dictionaries: the Recognition of Ge(各)'s Part of Speech

除了有时表示姓氏,充当名词,在通常的语言应用中,"各"是个特殊指示代词,不管用在句中的哪个位置,都扮演实施指代功能的角色。文章对"各"字的使用作了较为全面的考察,特别是通过两个及以上"各"字在使用中前后相互规约的"由后控前"、"由前控后"和"前后夹控"等现象,并且通过其他佐证,包括结合白话作品和文言文中的现象,证明了"各"字应统一判定为指示代词。正式标明词性的《现代汉语词典》第5版和第6版,都把用在动词前边的"各"判为副词,这是不合适的。

Ge（各） is a special demonstrative pronoun in normal usage of Chinese, except for its noun usage as surnames. No matter which place it appears in a sentence, it plays the role of demonstrative function. This paper reviewed the usage of Ge（各） thoroughly. From the phenomena ＂the latter one＇s control towards the former one＂, ＂the former one＇s control towards the latter one＂ and ＂the mutual control of the former and the latter ones＂ existing in the co-occurrence of two or more Ge（各）, and some other verification from writings in the vernacular and classical Chinese, it is proved that Ge（各） should be judged as demonstrative pronoun uniformly. In the 5th and 6th edition of The Dictionary of Modern Chinese（现代汉语词典）, which have been tagged the part of speech of words formally, Ge（各） used before verbs were both treated as an adverb, which is improper.