不同垦植模式茶园土壤性状及团聚体特征研究

Research for Soil Properties and Aggregates in Tea Plantation with Different Planting Patterns

为探索山区茶园垦植对土壤性状的影响,促进茶产业经济与水土保持的协调发展,对云雾贡茶产地不同垦植模式下茶园土壤物理性质及团聚体特征进行了研究。结果表明:与研究区内灌木林地土壤相比,茶园土壤黏粒含量、孔隙度、毛管持水量随茶树种植年限的延长表现为先减小后增大的趋势,土壤容重逐渐减少,土壤物理结构得到改善。土壤非水稳性团聚体主要是粒径>5mm的团粒,平均含量为43.45%,茶树种植年限越长,含量越高,横坡成行种植模式下>5mm的土壤非水稳性团聚体含量高于离散种植,其余粒级的团聚体含量均小于20%。土壤水稳性团聚体中粒径<2mm的团聚体占70%以上,土壤结构破坏率均小于20%,以陡坡垦植茶场、新垦茶园土壤结构破坏率较高,离散种植模式土壤结构破坏率大于横坡成行种植模式。山区茶园垦植在一定程度上有利于区域土壤结构和性状的改良。

In order to explore the influences of tea plantation reclamation on soil properties,and promote coordinated development with economy and soil and water conservation in mountainous,soil physical properties and aggregate characteristics of different cultivate patterns in Yunwu tea plantation were analyzed.Results showed that the clay,porosity and capillary water capacity of tea garden soil manifested as a trend of decreases and then increases with the extension of the tea planting years compared with that of shrub land soil.Soil physical structure has been improved with soil bulk density reduction.Particle size greater than 5 mm in the proportion of non-water-stable aggregates was 43.45%,others were bellow 20%.The longer the planting years were,the higher the proportion of non-water stable aggregates was.The proportion of non-water-stable aggregates was higher in cross slope planting pattern than that in discrete planting pattern.Particle size less than 2 mm in the proportion of water stable aggregates exceeded 70%,and the damage rate of soil structure was less than 20%.Results also indicated the higher damage rates of soil structure in steep slope planting tea gardens and new planting tea gardens than that in other planting patterns,and also,discrete planting pattern had higher damage rate of soil structure than cross slope planting pattern.Planting tea plantation in mountainous was good for improving soil structure and properties.