宝牛高速公路路域植被恢复效果调查分析

Investigation and Assessment on Vegetation Restoration along the Baoniu Highway

为探讨高速公路路域植被恢复效果,以宝牛高速公路路域植被为研究对象,对比分析了路基、路堑、路肩平台、渣场和取弃土场5种不同位置的植被群落特征、多样性及草本植物地上生物量等恢复情况。结果表明:(1)宝牛高速公路路域的植物种类较为丰富,而且极大部分植物种是自然入侵的乡土植物,各位置的植物种生活型都以草本植物为主,该路域植被恢复还处于初期阶段。(2)不同路域位置的丰富度表现为自然>路肩平台>渣场=取弃土场>路基>路堑,从Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数来看,路域植被之间以及和自然植被之间的变化都不显著。(3)在路基护坡中,拱形骨架护坡模式的植被恢复效果较好;路堑护坡中,效果最好的是土工格室护坡。(4)对于渣场而言,建议人工种植苜蓿提高土壤肥力,并且在恢复植被前尽量覆土,从而为植被生长提供较好的物质基础。

In order to assess the effect of vegetation restoration along the highway,a case study was conducted on the revegetated land along the Baoniu highway by investigating the characteristics of vegetation communities,species diversity and aboveground biomass on the embankment,cutting,residue field,shoulders,dug field.The results showed that：（1） Species diversity of Baoniu highway was abundant,and most of which were native grass species,indicating that it was still at the initial stage of vegetation restoration.（2） Plant species richness in five sites ranked as： naturalshouldersresidue field=dug fieldembankmentcutting.No significant difference was found between road area vegetation and natural vegetation on indices of Shannon-Weiner,Simpson,and Pielou.（3） The framework seeding was the best model for embankment restoration while the geocel seeding is best for the cutting.（4） For the residue field,alfalfa should be planted to improve soil fertility,and to provide the sufficient nutrients for plants,covering with soil was necessary before planting.