中国自然保护区空间分布的经济分析

Economic Analysis on the Spatial Distribution of Nature Reserves in China

论文利用2008年自然保护区数据,分析全国自然保护区的空间分布特征,并结合自然保护区所在地的社会经济信息,进行空间统计分析,重点从机会成本和保护资金的角度探求影响自然保护区空间分布的经济因素。论文发现,当前自然保护区的空间分布是既有政策下地方政府符合经济理性的选择,机会成本对自然保护区决策有着重要的潜在影响,在自然保护决策中不容忽视。目前的空间分布也揭示了自然保护区管理资金的困境,特别是对于国家级自然保护区,现有资金机制可能成为推动地方政府在自然保护中管理失效的制度根源。国家应该将自然保护区工作与地方社会经济紧密结合,并对不同压力状态下的自然保护区在资金机制上进行分类管理,以便获得更好的保护成效。

By using China＇ s Nature Reserve Inventory Data of 2008, with spatial analysis tools, this paper reveals the characteristics of the spatial distribution of nature reserves in China and ana- lyzes the relevant socio-economic conditions, especially opportunity cost and financial situation. It finds out that the existing spatial distribution is the reasonable choice of local government under current economic and institutional context, which implies that opportunity cost has a key impact on the designation of nature reserves. The failure of nature reserve management has been rooted with current financial mechanism, especially for national nature reserves. The poor financial situ- ation of the local governments in counties, where national nature reserves are mostly located, could drive the local governments to deal with failure. These conclusions remind us that an inte- gration of nature conservation and local socio-economic conditions is very crucial in forming an ef- fective conservation system, and reforming the current financial mechanism is a must-to-do to re- move the institutional root of conservation management failure.