上海鲁迅公园空间构成变迁及其特征研究

Study on the Transformation Process and Characteristics of the Spatial Composition of Luxun Park in Shanghai

将上海鲁迅公园按照清代初期设计阶段及设计实施阶段、中华民国前阶段及后阶段、中华人民共和国"文革"前后的6个阶段,从山形水系、设施、园路及功能分区4方面对其空间构成的变迁过程及其特征进行了考察。明确了,公园自清代开设至中华民国时代:采用园界设置湖岛,中心及扩建区域设置体育设施为主,周边设置修景设施等为辅,园路以入口环路加回游式主环路的体育兼风景公园的空间构成;中华人民共和国时代,由于公园的利用形态发生了转变,其空间构成产生了以下的变迁:采用的是中心设置"一池(湖)三山(岛)"、由北向南设置山体,湖面两侧设置以文化纪念设施为主,周边设置修景设施、修养设施等为辅,园路为入口环路加网状环路的纪念性文化休息公园的空间构成。

This study investigates the transformation of the spatial composition of Luxun Park in Shanghai,in terms of its hills and water system,facilities,pathways and functional zoning.The park＇s development has been studied in six stages：the initial design stage （19011903） and the design implementation stage （1903-1912） during the Qing Dynasty,the early stage （1912-1922） and the late stage （1922-1949） during the Republic of China,the early stage （1949-1966） and the late stage （1966-present） during the People＇s Republic of China （PRC）.The initial layout of Luxun Park was primarily based on the lake and island along its boundary,sports facilities in the centre and extended area,which is supplemented by landscaping facilities nearby and the pathway which is consists of the ring road at the entrance and the main stroll-type ring road.These composed the sports and scenery park from the Qing Dynasty until the Republic of China;During the PRC,the spatial composition of this park was considerably changed because of the various functions applied.The centre turned into a pond （the lake） and three hills （islands）.Additionally,memorial-cultural facilities were designed on both sides of the lake,with landscaping and rest facilities nearby.The pathway comprised the memorial-cultural-recreational park with the ring road at the entrance and a net-like ring road.