开采与集输过程中稠油降粘技术研究进展

Research Progress of Viscosity Reducing Technology in Heavy Oil Production and Gathering and Trans- portation

稠油具有密度大、粘度高、轻油含量少、流动阻力大的特点，使得开采和输送稠油的工艺难度大，增加了成本，为了能够合理、经济地开采和输送稠油，必须进行降粘。综述了稠油开采和集输过程中常用的降粘方法（包括加热降粘法、化学剂降粘法、掺稀降粘法、稠油改质降粘法、微生物降粘法等）的降粘原理及技术应用情况，比较了开采和集输在具体条件下降粘方法的特点。分析认为，化学剂降粘法因工艺简单、成本较低易于实现，具有一定的优势，建议优先考虑。

Heavy oil has such characteristics as high density, viscosity and flow resistance and low light oil content, which increases difficulty and costs in its production and transportation. In order to produce and transport heavy oil effi- ciently and economically, it is necessary to reduce its viscosity. Summarized are such heavy oil viscosity reduction meth- ods commonly used in heavy oil production and transportation as viscosity reduction by heating, viscosity reduction by chemicals, viscosity reduction by thinning, viscosity reduction by modification and viscosity reduction by microorganism. Introduced are principles and application of these viscosity reduction methods. Compared and analyzed are various char- acteristics of the methods in different production and transportation conditions and analysis results show that viscosity re- duction by chemicals has such advantages as simple process, low cost and easy operation and it is suggested that this method may be preferred.