汉语植物双音复合名词中的剩余语素探析

Remnant Morphemes in Double-tone Compound Nouns of Plants in Chinese

剩余语素是人们运用剩余对比法对语素进行提取时提出来的概念,是共时语言中构词能力极弱的不自由语素,是语言在历史发展中积淀下来的成分。汉语植物双音复合名词中的剩余语素是指称义明确的语素。语义演变与文字形体分化产生的植物名称专字是剩余语素形成的主要原因。剩余语素参与构词的主要方式有前加修饰性语素与后加属语素两种。

The term of remnant morpheme is defined when people extract the morphemes with the method of remnant comparison. The academic circles have already reached an agreement on the existence of the remnant morphemes. But there remains a big controversy about the nature, reasons of emergence and ways of word-building of the remnant morphemes. This paper discusses this linguistic element with the example of the double-tone compound nouns in Chinese plants from the angle of linguistic history. The remnant morphemes are bound that build up words weakly in synchronic linguistics and the accumulation in the historical development of language. The remnant morphemes in the double-tone compound nouns in Chinese plants are those morphemes with the explicit denotation. The onomastic names of the plants which come from the semantic succession and the differentiation of words forms and structures are the main reason of formation of the remnant morphemes. The major ways of building up words involving the remnant morphemes are setting the modifying morphemes before and specific morphemes after.