妊娠期及产后早期盆底肌肉锻炼的研究进展

Research Progress of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training(PFMT)in Gestation Period and Early Postpartum Stage

盆底肌肉锻炼(PFMT)是指有意识地对以耻骨-尾骨肌肉群(即肛提肌)为主的盆底肌肉群进行自主性收缩锻炼,增强尿道阻力,加强控尿能力。研究表明,妊娠和分娩可造成盆底肌肉及神经损伤,而阴道分娩可引起阴部神经及其分支的损伤。妊娠期PFMT可以促进孕妇盆底血液循环,加强盆底肌肉张力,减轻妊娠子宫对下肢静脉的压迫,使骨盆内脂肪沉积减少,防止压力性尿失禁、子宫脱垂、产后性功能障碍等疾病的发生。现对妊娠期及产后早期PFMT的最佳时机与最佳疗程予以综述。

Pelvic floor muscle training（PFMT）is to consciously contract and relax the muscles of pelvic floor that mainly consists of pubococcygeal muscle,to enhance urethral resistance and urinary continence.Studies indicated that pregnancy and childbirth can cause injury of muscle and nerve in pelvic floor,vaginal delivery can cause injury of pudendal nerve and its branches.PFMT can promote blood circulation in pelvic floor,strengthen the muscles′ tension,ease the pregnancy uterus′s pressure on lower limb vein,reduce fat deposition,prevent disease of stress urinary incontinence,uterine prolapse,postpartum sexual dysfunction and so on.Here is to make a review on the best timing and course of treatment for PFMT in gestational period and early postpartum stage.