“合适成年人”参与未成年人刑事诉讼程序实证研究

Empirical Research on the Participation of “Appropriate Adults” in Juvenile Criminal Procedure

"合适成年人"参与未成年人刑事诉讼程序是国家刑事司法制度对未成年人的一种特殊保护,体现了国家监护的理念。我国一些地区自21世纪初开始试点合适成年人参与机制,作为法定代理人不能到场的替代措施。通过实证调查显示,合适成年人讯问时在场在维护未成年人基本权利的同时,也有助于促进讯问的顺利进行和改善办案人员的讯问方式,因而具有较高的认可度;但也存在合适成年人地位与作用出现偏差及讯问时在场作用的实质性有待加强等问题。新《刑事诉讼法》第270条对合适成年人参与作了原则性的规定,需要在实践经验的基础上对合适成年人参与机制的具体操作予以明确和细化。

The participation of ＂appropriate adults＂ in juvenile criminal procedure is a special protection for juvenile and embodies the idea of state guardianship. Since the beginning of 21th century, some regions in China have established the participation mechanism of appropriate adults as an alternative measure if legal representatives of juvenile absent. After long-time empirical investigation in some typical regions in China, we summarize different practices and their advantages and disadvantages, including the appropriate adults＇ duties, scope of application, appointment, rights and obligations, participant stage, time, detailed procedure, and the effect on testimony＇s evidence capacity. The investigation demonstrates that appropriate adults＇ presence at in- terrogation not only protects the juvenile＇s rights, also promotes interrogation to go smoothly and improves inter- rogation approach. However, there are some problems should be improved in practice, including the role devi- ation of appropriate adult and the substantial functions of presence at interrogation. Article 270 of the new Criminal Procedure Law provides principle stipulation of appropriate adults＇ participation, which need to be more definite and elaborate on the basis of the practical experience.