华南地区大豆田杂草种子库特征与化学防除的研究

Weed Seedbank and Chemical Control in Soybean Field of South China

针对华南地区大豆田杂草防除问题,采用种子库诱萌法和田间药效试验法,研究田间杂草种子库的预测方法,筛选最佳化学防除方案。结果表明:杂草种子库共有杂草7科10属,主要分布在0～10 cm的土层,总出草量为6 861株·m-2。田间实际出草种类为6科9属,实际出草量平均为208株·m-2,占土壤杂草种子库总量的3.03%;6种除草剂都具有良好的防除效果,其中7.5%禾阔灵乳油的防除效果最佳,能有效防除禾本科杂草、莎草科杂草以及阔叶杂草,药后45 d鲜重防效仍达到70.7%～72.4%,可使大豆增产20.5%～34.5%。

Field trials were conducted at post-emergence to evaluate the control effect of six herbicides in spring soybean field,South China.The relationship between weed seedbank and chemical control was studied by seedbank lure grows method and field efficacy trials method.The results showed that 10 species of weed were investigated and mainly distributed in 0-10 cm soil.The highest density was 6 861 plant·ha-1 in the weed seedbank,while the field density of weed was 208 plant·ha-1,just 3.03% of the seedbank;six kinds of herbicides had good control effect,especially 7.5% acifluorfen·quizalofop-P-ethyl EC.The weed of grass family,dicotyledon,cyperaceae was controlled by 70.7%-72.4% at 45 days after post-emergence treatment and the soybean yield was increased by 20.5%-34.5%.