从实证主义走向日常语言哲学:美国哲学在二十世纪中期的转向——基于两部论文集的分析

From Positivism to Ordinary-language Philosophy: the Turn of American Philosophy in the Middle Twentieth Century

美国哲学在20世纪中期经历了从实证主义向日常语言哲学的转变。这一转向一方面是由实证主义和美国哲学的产物逻辑实用主义推动的,另一方面是由后期维特根斯坦的哲学转变推动的。1949年出版的《哲学分析文选》和1950年出版的《哲学分析》分别是对逻辑实证主义的总结以及对日常语言哲学的预告和宣言,从这两部论文集的比较中,我们可以发现哲学分析方法的重大转变,这是美国哲学从实证主义走向日常语言哲学的根本动力。

American philosophy had undergone the turn from positivism to ordinary-language philosophy.This article intended to recall this thought situation by the method of＂Thought Archeology＂.Readings in Philosophical Analysis was published in 1949,Philosophical Analysis was published in 1950,their publishing time almost identical and their title was similar,but they had embodied different method of philosophical analysis,it has been the interesting symbol of the turn of American philosophy.