论汉语动词的词汇性与句法性——以一字与二字为中心

A Study on Lexical and Syntactic Features of Kango Verbs in Japanese——From the Perspective of One-word Verb and Two-word Verb

复合词从语用层面观察,不仅具有融合一体的词汇性,而且也有结构松散的句法性。其中汉语サ变复合动词,表层因词干字数的不同,深层因词干语义的差异,或表现为词汇性特征,或带有句法性特征。通过词汇性与句法性考察,可加深对汉语动词的认识。汉语动词虽然均为派生结构,但是因语义是否具有意志,或者词干同名词语义是否一致,或者词干语义的动作性程度等,表现为词汇性或句法性,或者词汇性明显超过句法性,或者词汇性与句法性兼有。对汉语动词的全面观察认识,表层与深层都是不可或缺的。

From a pragmatic perspective, compound words not only have an integration of vocabulary, but also a loosely structured syntax. Due to the different number and meaning of words in the stem, Kango Sa-row compound verbs mainly reflect lexical features or syntactic features. For this reason, a study focusing on the lexical and syntactic features can greatly deepen our understanding of Kango verbs. Although all Kango verbs are thought to be derivatively structured, they can be divided into 3 types： 1） all exhibiting a lexical nature or syntactic nature, 2） exhibiting a lexical nature that is clearly superior to a syntactic nature, 3） exhibiting both lexical and syntactic natures, depending on the presence of will, and whether the stem of the Kango Sa-row and the corresponding noun have the same active and static meaning.