政策性农业保险环境效应研究评述

Environmental Effects Review of Policy Agricultural Insurance

政策性农业保险提供的保费补贴会改变农民从事农业生产的期望收益,进而会影响农民的农业生产决策,最终对农村环境造成影响。根据国内外现有相关研究,本文将政策性农业保险的环境效应划分为三个维度:一是由农业保险引致的农业生产结构调整造成的环境污染结构效应;二是由农业保险引致的农业生产规模扩张造成的环境污染规模效应;三是由农业保险引致的农业生产技术进步造成的环境污染技术效应。中国政策性农业保险的发展应该充分考虑财政补贴的环境效应问题,通过不断优化农业保险覆盖结构、保障水平和保费补贴比例,诱使农民采用环保型的农业生产方式和生产技术,使农业保险真正实现维护粮食安全和保护农村环境的和谐统一。

Policy agricultural insurance premium subsidies will change the expected return of farmers engaged in agricultural production ,which will affect their agricultural production decisions, and ultimately impact on the rural environment. Based on existing researches at home and abroad, the environmental effects of policy-oriented agricul- tural insurance is divided into three dimensions ： structural effects of environmental pollution caused by the restructu- ring of agricultural production due to the agricultural insurance, the agricultural environmental pollution caused by the expansion of agricultural production, and the technical effects of environmental pollution caused by agricultural technological progress. Development of agricultural insurance policy should take full account of the environmental effects of the financial subsidies to induce farmers to adopt environmentally friendly agricultural production methods and production technology through continuous optimization of the structure of agricultural insurance coverage, the level of protection, and the proportion of premium subsidies, so that agricultural insurance truly achieves the harmony between safeguarding food security and protection of the rural environment.