美国水路运输管理的收与放

The Management of USA Water Transportation

美国是世界上水路交通运输业最发达的国家之一，东临大西洋．西滨太平洋，南接墨西哥湾，北有五大湖，长达数千公里的通航河流和运河遍布全国。得天独厚的地理条件．使美国水路运输积累了较为丰富的管理经验，他山之石，可以攻玉．我国水路交通运输可以取其精华．去其糟粕，这对进一步建立健全有关我国航运管理制度有所裨益。美国根据不同时期的特点和问题，制定了一系列的法律法规．并随着形势的发展不断充实、完善和更新，逐步建立和完善水利运输法规体系．把水路交通运输行政管理完全纳入了法制的轨道。其法制的完备和法律化手段的大量应用保证了行政管理的有序、协调和水路交通运输事业的健康发展。

s one of the countries with the most developed water transport industry, USA, with the Atlantic Ocean on its east, the Pacific Ocean on itswest, the Gulf of Mexico on its south and the Great Lakes on its north, has several thousands kilometers of navigable river and cannel throughout the whole country. USA has accumulated rich management experiences in its history of water transportation development. Chinese water transportation can learn from their experiences selectively, which will be beneficial to the improvement of our current shipping management system. USA set up a series of regulations according to the characteristics and problems in different times, and has been making improvement and update to adapt to changing situations. A complete system of rules for water transportation has been gradually set up and the administrative management of water transportation has been integrally included into the rule of law. On the whole, the first and foremost characteristic of US water transportation administrative management model is that institutions are set up in a scattered manner. Many management institutions are independent with each focusing on different fields and each having clear- cut responsibilities. The second characteristic is that management is mostly the source management and the macro-control of transportation industry is conducted by means of law, economy,