焊接作业工人职业健康调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Occupational Health of Welding Operation Workers

目的了解机车制造企业工人的主要职业性有害因素暴露及其对工人健康的影响。方法选择某机车制造企业焊接作业工人342名作为调查对象,非焊接作业工人95名作为对照组。检测工作场所粉尘、锰、噪声等职业性有害因素暴露水平,调查和收集作业工人作业方式及其呼吸系统、神经系统、听力、血压等健康状况指标。结果机车制造企业存在多种职业性有害因素,焊接作业主要产生粉尘、锰及其无机化合物和噪声,作业场所检测结果超标率分别为23.1%、20.0%及21.4%;健康检查发现,工人肺功能损伤、听力损伤、高血压、心电图异常、慢性鼻炎的发生率分别为9.65%、11.11%、27.19%、7.01%和23.68%。与对照组比较,异常发生率差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论机车制造企业焊接作业职业危害严重,改善作业环境、加强个人防护是降低职业暴露风险的有效措施。

Objective To understand the main occupational harmful factors of locomotive manufacturing enterprise workers and the affect to the health of workers. Methods Choose 342 locomotive manufacturing enterprise welding operation workers as the research object and 95 not-welding operation workers as control group. Testing the exposure levels of dust, manganese, noise and other harmful factors, investigating and collecting operating types and health status indicators such as respiratory system, nervous system, hearing, blood pressure. Results Locomotive manufacturing enterprise has many occupational harmful factors. Welding work mainly produce dust, manganese, inorganic compounds and noise. Workplaces detection results were 23.1%, 20.0% and 21.4%. We can found that occurrence rates of workers lung function injury, hearing impairment, high blood pressure, electrocardiogram abnormalities, chronic rhinitis were 9.65 %, 11.11%, 27.19 %, 7.01% and 23.68 %. Comparing with control group, the inci- dence of abnormal differences statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Locomotive manufacturing enterprise welding operation occupational hazard is serious. Improve the work environment, strengthen the personal protection are effective measures to reduce the risk of occupational exposure.