中国宋钧官瓷釉的实验与研究

Experiments and Researches on Jun Guan Porcelains and Glazes in Song Dynasty of China

宋钧官瓷作为中国钧瓷领域中的最高水平,它不仅仅是唐钧瓷釉和早期宋钧瓷釉的扩展和延续,更是一个时代的创造。在给世人留下宝贵财富的同时,也留下一些需待解决的问题。诸如,菟丝纹、蚯蚓走泥纹的产生原因,乳光、分相、窑变的形成机理等等,是本文探讨的主要问题。本文在研究唐钧花釉、宋代天青、天蓝釉的基础上,采用了当地及周边地域原料,并分别采用了现代及传统的制作工艺以及柴烧、煤烧和气烧的烧成方法最终成功烧制出完美的宋钧官瓷艺术效果。实验结果表明,利用当地及周边地域原料和不同的制作工艺,采用不同的烧成方式恢复钧官瓷釉的艺术效果是切实可行的,通过实验证实了钧官瓷釉不同特征的形成原因与工艺过程的相应关系,为钧官瓷的进一步研究提供了可借鉴的科学依据,并从不同角度论述了钧官瓷菟丝纹、蚯蚓走泥纹的形成原理及其乳光、分相、窑变的形成原因及相关问题。

Jun-Guan porcelains of Song Dynasty as the highest level of Jun Porcelains field in China are not only the development and continuance for the glazes of Tang Jun Porcelains and early Song Jun Porcelains but also creation of a new age then,which leaves behind the world invaluable wealth and also some pending questions at one time.The reasons of why those veins like rabbits＇ hair or earthworm crawling caused and the mechanism of their opalescence,phase-separation and glaze colors changing after kilns burning are all the main issues for this article to study or explore.This article describes our researching effects on polychrome glazes of Tang Dynasty,green glazes and blue sky glazes of Song Dynasty,on the base of which,the raw materials at local places and theirs terrain around and the burning methods of modern and traditional producing crafts by fuels of firewood,coal and gas are adopted to manage to finally finish burning the art effects of Jun and Guan Porcelains.The findings show that it is really possible to make good use of the raw materials at local places around and varied producing crafts combined with various burning ways to resume the art effects of Jun and Guan Porcelains and Glazes.The result proves that reasons for forming different traits of Jun-Guan Porcelains and Glazes and related connections of theirs with the process.At the same time,the principles of forming the veins like rabbits＇ hair or earthworm crawling caused to Jun-Guan Porcelains and the reasons with their related problems of the opalescence,phase-separation and changes in kiln have been discussed from different angles so as to provide referential scientific foundation for further research.