从国家创新体系看现代科学技术革命

The Modern Scientific and Technological Revolution from the Perspective of the National System of Creation

研究现代科学技术革命是制定科学政策、技术政策、创新政策和产业政策的理论基础。本文在扬弃逻辑实证主义、唯科学主义和各种社会决定论的流行方法论的基础上 ,采用国家创新体系的研究框架 ,重新思考现代科学技术革命的内在本质、结构和功能及其政策含义。现代科学技术革命在本质上是创新的体制化 ,它的运行机制是基础研究、技术创新、产业扩散和社会传播的互动流程 ,它的结构是大学、研究机构、政府和企业等为创新而合作的“科学共同体” ,它的动力是技术推动。

Research on the modern scientific and technological revolution constitutes the theoretical basis for formulating national scientific, technological, creative and industrial policies. Based on the sublation of current methodologies, for example, logical positivism, scientism and various theories related to social determinism, the author adopts a framework for a national system of creation, and re examines the intrinsic nature, structure, functions and policy implications of the modern scientific and technological revolution. In essence, the modern scientific and technological revolution is manifested as an institutionalization of creation; its operative mechanism is an interactive process of basic research, technical creation, industrial expansion and social dissemination, while its structure constitutes a “science community” in which universities, research institutions, the government and enterprises cooperate in creation. The motive force for this revolution consists of a combination of technology, the market and society.