“卦气”溯源

Tracing Guaqi Back to Its Source

本文考证汉代易学中的“卦气”说在孟喜之前早已有传 ,其源出于先儒古说 ;在春秋战国时期的《子夏易传》和《易传》中 ,均有“卦气”说的思想 ;殷墟甲骨文中的四方之名 ,以及《尚书·尧典》中的“析”“因”“夷”“” ,与后天八卦方位中的四正卦相同 ,由此可知“卦气”说渊源久远。作者强调 ,古人经过“仰观”“俯察” ,对天地万物随节气变化的规律有了认识之后建构了易学的象数义理合一模式 ,象数含蕴着义理 ,义理脱胎于象数 。

According to the author's textual research,the theory of guaqi (卦气,determining the climate using 64 divinatory symbols)found in studies on The Book of Changes can be traced back to before the time of Meng Xi,a Confucian scholar of the West Han dynasty,and its origins lie in the ancient Confucian doctrine.Concepts related to guaqi can be found in Zixia yizhuan (Zixia's Commentary on The Book of Changes ) and Yizhuan (Commentary on The Book of Changes ) written in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods respectively. Characters indicating the four seasons in oracle bone inscriptions found at Shang dynasty sites, and the four Chinese characters 析( xi ), 因( yin ),夷( yi )and NFEB1( ao )that occur in Shangshu:Yaodian (The Book of History: Classic of Yao) are identical to the four basic divinatory symbols, suggesting that the theory of guaqi has a very long history. The author points out that after carefully studying the heavens and earth, people in ancient times gained an understanding of the laws of nature and then constructed a unified model incorporating xiangshu (象数,the eight trigrams in The Book of Changes ) and yili (义理,argumentation in The Book of Changes). Xiangshu contains yili and yili emerges from xiangshu. This form of academic reasoning is unique to studies of The Book of Changes and the philosophy of The Book of Changes.