对分配正义的论争及相关理论的逻辑起点——基于自由主义、社群主义和马克思主义的考察

An analysis of the dispute of distribution justice and the logic starting point of related theories concerned——an investigation based on liberalism, communalism and Marxism

政府再分配职能是确保社会公正的必要的补偿机制。不同立场的思想家不仅对于何种分配正义存在争议,如何实现分配正义的解决途径也有较大的差异性。这源于不同立场的思想家们思考分配正义的逻辑起点的本质差异:自由主义思想家基于权利思考再分配,其内部又分为基于平等的分配正义和基于自由的持有正义两支;社群主义思想家基于公共善思考再分配;马克思则把分配放到整个生产环节,基于生产关系才真正有助于解决分配正义的难题。

The function of government’s redistribution is a kind of necessary compensation mechanism,which can ensure social justice.Whereas,the ideologists having different standpoints not only have disputes on which kind of distribution justice,but also disagree with each other on the solutions to making distribution justice become true.It originates from intrinsic difference of logic starting point grasped by ideologists having different standpoints when they think about distribution justice.By combing and comparing them,the liberalism ideologists deliberate on redistribution based on rights.They can also be divided into two groups according to their viewpoints.One ponders the distribution justice over based on equality,the other ponders possession justice over based on freedom.The communalist ideologists think about redistribution based on public honesty.And the Marxists consider distribution from the point of view with the whole production process concerned.Paying attention to the relation of production can help to solve the difficult problem of distribution justice realistically.