水生态、水环境问题及其对策

Problem and Countermeasures of Water Ecology and Water Environment

水既是资源,也是环境。水环境具有易破坏、易污染的特点,水环境的污染和破坏已成为当今世界主要的环境问题之一。在自然演化、变异和人类不当的生产、生活影响下,区域性、季节性水资源亏缺日益突出,水环境、水生态不断恶化,使工农业生产和正常的生活用水及生态用水受到严重影响。本文总结了水所具有的学特征和人们对水生态、水环境的认识,简述了水环境与水生态之间的关系,介绍了国外在水环境、水生态保护方面的主要经验,提出了综合防治水污染、净化水环境的途径。

Water is not only a resource, but also an environment which is liable to destroy and pollution. Water environment has been one of the main environment issues in the world. Due to the influence of natural evolvement, heteromorphosis and improper production and living of people, the deficiency of water resources is increasingly severe in certain areas and seasons. The water environment and water ecology is deteriorating which greatly affects drinking water and ecological water used in industrial and agricultural production. This paper summarized ecological characteristics of water and people＇s cognition on water environment and water ecology, and then briefly recounted the relationship between water environment and water ecology. Principal experiences from other countries in water environmental and water ecological protection were described, while the integrated countermeasures to control water pollution and to purify water environment were put forward.