载人航天活动的法律规制:比较法的视角

On the Legal Regulation of Manned Space Activities: a Comparative Perspective

目前,有关载人航天活动的国际规则主要体现于联合国有关外空条约之中。美国和俄罗斯的国内航天法律中也有关于载人航天活动的零散规定。中国的《空间物体登记管理办法》适用于载人空间物体的登记,而《民用航天发射项目许可证管理暂行条例》不适用于由中国有关部门所组织实施的载人航天活动。完善中国的载人航天法律应当以履行国际条约义务为基础,先行制定有关载人航天的技术性规则,在时机成熟时制定专门的载人航天法律。

Currently, the international rules with regard to the manned space activities are mainly reflected in the relevant UN space treaties. The domestic space law in the United States and Russia also have scattered provisions on manned space activities. The Measures for the Administration of Registration of Space Objects of China applies to the registration of the manned space objects, however, the Interim Measures on the Administration of License for Civil Space Launch Projects of China does not apply to the manned space activities which are organized by the relevant competent authorities. China should improve its national space legislation on the basis of fulfilling the relevant treaty obligations, formulate the technical rules related to manned space activities, and promulgate the specialized manned space activities law when the time comes.