医疗侵权的举证责任分配与利益衡量

Allocation of Burden of Proof in Medical Infringement Cases and the Balancing of Interest

对于民事案件的举证责任分配问题,各国都在一般规则之外赋予法官一定的裁量分配权力。我国2010年7月1日生效的《侵权责任法》,一改过去要求医院对其不存在医疗过错负举证责任的做法,有加重原告患者举证负担的嫌疑。这种新规定既不符合国际惯例,也不符合我国理论界和司法实务界的认知,有可能带来严重的社会问题。今后,司法实务界应根据举证责任分配的利益衡量理论,对《侵权责任法》的相关规定作出符合公平正义要求的解释。

As for the allocation of burden of proof in civil cases,in most countries the judges are empowered to alter the general rule in some cases.According to the Tort Law of PRC,the hospitals are not responsible for the medical accident unless their negligence is proved.Theses new rules are criticized in theory and practice.In future,the court should take measures to alleviate the patients＇ burden of proof in judicial practice.To achieve this goal,the Balancing of Interest Theory should be introduced.