一种风力机专用翼型气动性能的三维数值模拟

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of aerodynamic performance of a special airfoil for wind turbines

为了准确预测风力机专用翼型在大攻角状态下的气动性能,运用脱体涡模拟(detached eddy simulation)方法对瑞典的FFA-W3-241翼型较大攻角范围内的气动性能进行三维数值模拟,对该翼型前缘粗糙状态下的气动性能进行预测.计算结果表明:建立翼型的三维模型,运用DES模拟风力机专用翼型气动性能的方法在线性区有很高的预测精度,在失速发展区的计算精度达到工程实际与研究的要求,在深度失速区有一定的预测精度,可用于定性分析.前缘粗糙度对FFA-W3-241翼型的气动性能有重要影响,前缘粗糙度的增加使FFA-W3-241翼型的最大升力系数下降了27.8%,失速过程趋于缓和;翼型在线性区和深度失速区对前缘粗糙度不敏感,在失速发展区对粗糙度敏感.

In order to accurately predict the aerodynamic performance of special airfoil for wind turbines in the state of large angle of attack, the detached eddy simulation（DES） was used to simulate numerically aerodynamic performance of Swedish FFA-W3-241 airfoil in a large scope of angle of attack and predict the aerodynamic performance of this airfoil with rough leading edge. The calculation results showed that the DES was suitable for numerical simulation of aerodynamic performance of special airfoil for wind turbine in linear region with very high accuracy; in stall developing region, the computation accuracy would meet the requirement of engineering practice and investigation and in fully developed stall region, a certain accuracy of prediction was obtained and could be used for qualitative analysis. The leading edge roughness would have a significant effect on the performance of FFA-W3-241 airfoil, making the maximal lift coefficient re- duced by 27. 8%, but the stall process would tend to be moderate; the airfoil would not be sensitive to the leading edge roughness in linear region and stall fully developed region. However, it would be sensitive to the leading edge roughness in stall developing region.