福白菊花粉活力和柱头可授性研究

Study on the Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Fubaiju'

目的:明确福白菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Fubaiju’)开花习性、花粉活力以及柱头可授性,以期为药用菊花良种选育提供理论依据。方法:对开花过程进行动态观察了解开花习性,采用花粉离体萌发培养法测定花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性。结果:花粉活力表现为头状花序中位于同一轮的管状花花粉活力彼此间无显著差异;花序轴中心部位管状花花粉活力明显高于边缘部位;一天之中上午花粉活力逐渐升高,正午前后11∶00～14∶00时花粉活力最高,而后逐渐下降;管状花第3 d开始散粉,第4～6 d花粉活力最高,分别为35.12%、39.89%、38.12%,此后逐渐下降,第15 d仅为7.41%,然后逐渐枯萎。柱头可授性表现为花序轴中心部位管状花明显高于边缘部位管状花,边缘舌状花柱头无可授性;一天之中13∶00～14∶00时柱头可授性最强;开花后5～7 d柱头可授性最强。柱头黏液分泌规律与其可授性存在很大的一致性,即柱头黏液较多时往往可授性也强。结论:掌握了福白菊的开花习性,以及开花期间花粉活力和柱头可授性动态变化规律,可用于选择较佳时期和部位的朵花进行人工辅助授粉和杂交育种研究。

Objective： To study the blooming habits,pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Chrysanthemum morifolium and provide theoretical basis for its breeding.Methods： Explored the blooming habits by dynamic observation on the process of blossom,evaluated the pollen viability by germination in vitro culture method and estimated stigma receptivity by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method.Results： About the pollen viability,there were no significant differences between the flowers which in the same round of the capitulum;Tubular flowers in the center of a capitulum were significantly higher than that on the edge;In the morning pollen vitality gradually raised,during 11∶ 00~14∶ 00 maintained the highest,and then gradually decreased;Tubular flower began to loose powder on the third day,during 4th^6th day the pollen viability was highest,respectively was 35.12%,39.89%,38.12%,then gradually decreased,on the 15th day was only 7.41%,finally turned into wither.Regard to the stigma receptivity,the center of a capitulum were significantly higher than that on the edge,outer edge ligulate flower had no receptivity;Revealed the strongest during 13∶ 00~14∶ 00 in one day;During the 5th^7th day was the strongest after flowering.The regulation of the stigma secreted mucus existed great consistency with the stigma receptivity,namely the stigma receptivity usually was strong when it secreted large number mucus.Conclusion： Understand the blossom habits of Chrysanthemun morifolium,as well as the dynamic changes regulation of pollen viability and stigma receptivity during its blossom,which could be used to select the flowers in a capitulum which are on the more suitable period and position for artificial pollination and hybridization breeding research.