乌梁素海湿地:迁徙候鸟的重要栖息地(英文)

Wuliangsuhai Wetlands: A Critical Habitat for Migratory Water Birds

乌梁素海是干旱半干旱地区典型的湿地。其位于东亚—澳大利西亚及中亚—印度两条迁徙路线上,是迁徙候鸟极其重要的繁殖地和停歇地。从2009到2012年,我们采用样线法和样点法对水鸟及其栖息地进行调查,共记录了98种水鸟,隶属于6目、14科,同时记录到水鸟个体超过100 000个。其中夏候鸟55种(在此繁殖)、旅鸟39种(在此短暂停留),分别占所记录物种数的56.12%和39.80%。对所记录的鸟类及其种群的迁徙规律进行进一步分析,结果表明:春季迁徙期主要为3月上旬到5月中旬,比秋季迁徙期(8月上旬到11月中旬)短。水鸟繁殖的高峰期是4月上旬到5月下旬。重点保护水鸟(包括IUCN红色名录中的受胁物种以及中国重点保护野生动物名录中的Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护物种)的集中分布时间是4月上旬到5月下旬以及9月上旬到11月上旬;相比春秋迁徙季节,夏季水鸟的群落结构相对稳定。基于研究,我们建议将乌梁素海湿地列入国际重要湿地名录及迁徙路线网络。此外,栖息地管理对鸟类分布的决定作用同样在文中加以讨论。

Wuliangsuhai wetland is one of the representative wetlands in arid-semiarid region. It is also a key breeding site as well as a stepping site for both East Asia-Australasia Flyway and Central Asia Flyway. From 2009 to 2012, surveys on migratory water birds and their habitat were carried out by using transects census and spot count methods. The surveys recorded more than 100 000 water birds, and 98 species were identified, which belong to 6 orders and 14 families. Among the 98 species, 55 are summer residents （breeding here） and 39 are travelers （only stay here shortly）, which account for 56.12% and 39.80% of the total recorded bird species respectively. Further analysis on their migration pattern shows that spring migration is mainly from early March to mid May, which is shorter than autumn migration season （from early August to mid November）. Most of the summer residents breed from early April to late May. High concentration of key protected species were observed from early April to early May and from early September to early November. The bird community structure is relatively stable in summer, but much more dynamic during the migration seasons （spring and autumn）. Based on the study, recommendation to nominate Wuliangsuhai wetlands as Ramsar site, and flyway network site were put forward. Habitat management that address to the environmental determinants on bird distribution was also discussed.