温州市苍南县三类人群台风灾害防护知识、行为及需求调查

Survey performed among the three different groups on typhoon disaster prevention skills, behavior and demand

目的了解温州市苍南县三类人群应对台风灾害预防、避险、自救等防护知信行现状及需求，为开展台风灾害健康教育提供合理建议。方法采取多阶段随机抽样方法，在公职人员、农渔业生产者及流动人口3类人群中共抽取384人进行问卷调查。结果苍南县三类人群应对台风灾害相关知识与技能总知晓率为72．5％，其中公职人员知晓率最高为77．7％，农渔业生产者为73．4％，流动人口仅为66．7％，差异有统计学意义（χ2=107．8，P〈0．01）。在应对台风不同阶段的防范措施认知上，以灾前准备最高达83．2％，其次是台风过境时防护为74．4％，防范次生灾害为71．9％，以灾后自救与防病最低为67．7％，差异有统计学意义（χ2=173．01，P〈0．01）。三类人群的信息需求有所不同，其中最为关注的信息，公职人员为防灾避险知识，农渔生产者为急救与互救知识，流动人口为灾后防病知识。电视、手机短信、报刊是最受喜爱的教育传播媒介。结论苍南县三类人群对台风灾害防护认知程度偏低，需要根据具体不足与需求，有所侧重地选取宣教内容，运用针对性强的健康传播渠道，进一步实施防台健康教育，流动人口应为教育的重点。

Objective To grasp the people＇ s current understanding level and prevention skills of typhoon disaster and to provide valuable reference to create the typhoon disaster prevention program in Cangnan, Wenzhou. Methods The survey was conducted randomly to a total of 384 people among three types of groups, civil service staff, farmers and fisherman, and migrant. Results The average of understanding and prevention skills of typhoon disaster among the three groups reflected 72.5%, leaded by the civil service staff group of 77.7%, followed by the farmer and fisherman group of 73.4%, and migrant group of 66.7% （χ2=107.8, P 〈 0.01）. In terms of the preventive measures in respgnse to the different stages of typhoon, the correct answer rate of pre-disaster preparedness was 83.2%, demonstrating highest among all the stages, followed by disaster prevention when typhoon hit the city of 74.4%, preventive measures of secondary disaster of 71.9%, and post-disaster self-rescue and prevention of 67.7% （χ2=173.01, p〈 0.01）. Demand for knowledge of typhoon disaster prevention program also varied significantly among three groups -disaster prevention and hazards aversion from the civil service group; first aid and mutual aid from the farmer and fisherman group; post-disaster disease prevention from migrant group. The educational program propagated through TV, SMS, and newspapers were widely accepted by the groups. Conclusion A educational typoon disaster prevention program is expected in the area as it reflected unsatisfactory understanding level of the disaster prevention. Specific demands request attention from different groups with a focus on the migrant group.