明末以来移民与归绥地区汉族方言演化的关系

Relations Between the Migrants and the Evolution of Guisui Dialect Since the Late Ming Dynasty

明末以来的大批山西汉族移民,对归绥汉族方言的形成与发展起了决定性的作用。而回族、满族移民以及原住民蒙古族,对其形成与发展也产生了重要的影响。归绥汉族移民以晋方言为其语源,在多民族聚居的语言环境中,广泛吸收蒙语、满语及回族语言,使其发展演变快于原居地的语言,形成一种以晋方言为基本特征,并具有多民族语言融合特点的新方言,其演化情况与周振鹤等人的移民与方言演化关系的相关结论恰恰相反。

Based on the existing research findings of the purely academic study of the Guisui dialect,this paper is a study of the relations between the migrants to Guisui area and the evolution of the local Chinese dialect since the late Ming Dynasty.During that period,the arrival of the Han migrants from Shanxi played a decisive role in the formation and development of the local Chinese dialect in Guisui.Meanwhile,the native Mongolians,together with the late arrivals of the Hui-Muslim and the Manchu Eight Banners garrison forces,also had certain impact on the formation and development of the local Chinese dialect.In this macro linguistic environment,due to its extensive absorption of the Mongolian,Manchu and Hui-Muslim vocabulary,the dialect of the Han migrants of Guisui evolved much faster than the dialect of Shanxi,their place of origin.Thus came into being a new dialect that is on the basis of the Shanxi dialect,and is characteristic of multi-ethnic language fusion.Its evolution is just the opposite of ZHOU Zhen-he＇s conclusion of the relations between migrants and dialect evolution.