中日古代避讳试析

A Study on Taboo between Ancient China and Japan

对人名称谓的"避讳"是中国古代突出的文化现象,日本在古代也同样存在这样的文化现象,虽然两国的避讳在起源上是一致的,但在其表达的具体方面却存在较大差异。其差异主要体现在避讳对象、避讳方式、触讳惩罚以及避讳对讳者名字的影响等方面,其原因应与两国民众思维方式、对于皇权态度的不同,以及两国对于汉字使用的地位不同有关。

The taboo of using the names of emperors or elders is prominent cultural phenomenon in both ancient China and Japan. Although their origins are the same, there are still many differences in other aspects. The main differences can be reflected by the objects, the ways, the penalty methods to those who have violated taboo, and influence of taboo on the names. The main reasons lie in the different thinking ways, the different attitudes towards imperial power, and the different status of Chinese characters.