四川省城乡居民基本健康技能现况分析

Status of Basic Health Skills Among Sichuan Residents

目的了解四川省城乡居民基本健康技能现状,为制定健康教育干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,抽取四川省15～69岁城乡居民6 042人进行问卷调查。结果四川省城乡居民健康技能掌握率56.02%,城市为62.72%,农村为49.39%,城市高于农村(P<0.01);掌握较好的健康技能有:在紧急医疗救助时知道拨打120电话为94.7%,会抢救触电者为79.4%,能看懂药物有效期的为71.0%;掌握情况较差的健康技能有:完全认识6个危险标识的仅为21.3%,明白药盒上"OTC"含义的占26.6%,会在火灾时安全逃离的占47.8%,会测量腋下体温的51.2%;城市居民的各项健康技能掌握水平普遍高于农村居民(Ρ<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。结论四川省城乡居民基本健康技能掌握率较低,今后健康教育干预中应加强健康技能的培训与指导,尤其是针对农村居民的健康技能培训。

Objective To understand the status of basic health skills among Sichuan residents, thus to provide evidence for health education policy and intervention measures. Methods By multi - stage stratified random cluster sampling method, questionnaire survey were conducted on 6,042 residents. Results The overall level of health skills among Sichuan residents was 56.02% , 62.72% for urban and 49.39% for rural. Skill mastering rates were respectively： knowing of calling 120 in emergency, 94.7% ; ability to rescue electricity shock casualty, 79.4% and can read validity of drugs, 71.0%. Yet the rate of completely understanding of the 6 risk identifications was 21.3% ; rate of understanding OTC sign, 26.6% ; rate of can safely escape in the fire, 47.8% and the ability to measure axillary temperatin：e, 51.2%. The overall health skills levels in urban residents were generally higher than that in rural residents （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The overall rate of basic health skills among Sichuan residents stays low, thus pertinent measures like health skills training should timely strengthened, especially for the rural areas.