职业中毒场所盲目施救行为的心理因素分析与对策研究

Analysis and Countermeasures Research on Psychological Factors in Blind Rescue Behavior in Occupational Poisoning Place

探讨职业中毒场所因盲目施救引发伤亡事故扩大的原因及控制对策,为企业和相关部门实施有效的安全管理提供依据。采用分析归纳方法,界定盲目施救行为。依据突发事件引发的紧急情况的特点,分析得出有限作业空间发生的中毒窒息事故属于常规突发事件。盲目施救导致伤亡扩大事故发生的主要行业和作业特性显示,安全监管的疏漏是事故发生的原因。根据社会心理学理论,对中毒人员的施救属于利他行为,盲目施救是人在应激状态下失控的冲动行为,这一行为与人对不安全行为的预期后果相关,应急知识和能力的缺乏是导致盲目施救行为发生的主要原因。根据上述研究结论,提出避免常规突发事件引发盲目施救行为的对策。

The reasons and control countermeasures of casualties accident expanded by blind rescue in occupational poisoning places were explored to provide the basis for enterprises and relevant departments to implement effective safety management.The blind rescue was defined.It was concluded that poisoning and suffocation accidents in the limited working space were routine unexpected incidents,that safety regulatory omission was the cause of the accident,that rescue on poisoned persons belongs to altruistic behavior,and blind rescue was individual out-of-control impulsive behavior under the stress,this behavior was related to expected consequences of unsafe behavior,and that the lack of emergency knowledge and capacity was the main reason for coming to a blind rescue.Countermeasures to avoid routine unexpected incidents blind rescue behavior were proposed.