政治转型的经济成本核算——以国外民主化转型的经济成本分摊为例

Economic Cost Reckoning of Democratic Transformation——Demonstrated by the Economic Cost Allocation of the External Democratic Transformation

民主化转型的经济成本是由威权体制均衡状态向民主体制均衡状态过渡时产生的非均衡而造成的交易费用、机会成本和效率损失。以民主巩固为导向的民主化转型,其经济成本分摊涉及"转型正义"难题,应实现公正分摊,以免出现"政治冷漠"和"政治抗争"的后果。韩国民主化转型的经济成本分摊策略体现了公正性、有效性与合理性,促成了民主化成功转型之后的民主巩固。本文探讨民主化转型经济成本分摊的理论和实践,为中国走向民主改革的低成本之路、建设中国特色的社会主义民主政治提供理论支持。

The economic cost of democratic transformation is composed of transaction cost, opportunity cost and efficiency loss, which are produced in the process of transformation from the balancedness of authoritarian regime to the balaneedness of democratic regime from the outcome in process of an unbalanced state. The economic cost allocation of democratic transformation, whose orientation is intended for democratic consolidation, relates to the problem of ＂transitional justice＂ and needs to allocate justly, so as to avoid resulting in ＂political apathy＂ and ＂political opposition＂ The strategy of the economic cost contribution during the process of democratic transformation in Republic of Korea was fair, efficient and reasonable, promoting the success of democratic transformation and democratic consolidation. All the theory and practice provide reference and guide for Chinese democracy building.